报刊选读之修辞格.pptVIP

Figures of speech (修辞格) Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Following are some common forms of figures of speech. Simile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借喻) Synecdoche（提喻） Punning (双关) Euphemism (委婉语) Rhyming and alliteration (押韵与头韵） Irony (反语) Syllepsis (一语双叙) Hyperbole (夸张) Personification（拟人） Antonomasia （换称） 换称（Antonomasia）的定义与用法：定义：用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓或用专有名词代替普通名词的修辞手法叫做换称。 用法：①用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓： His Majesty（陛下）→a king or the name of the king（国王或国王的姓名） His Honor（阁下）→a judge or the name of the judge（法官或法官的姓名） Iron Chancellor（铁血宰相）→Bismarck（俾斯麦） ②用专有名词代替普通名词： a.?源于宗教或神话： Solomon（所罗门）→a wise man（聪明人） Judas（犹大）→a traitor（叛徒） Helen（海伦）→a beautiful woman（美女） b.?源于历史： Hitler（希特勒）→a tyrant（暴君） He is the?Newton?of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。 9 a great scientist Milton（弥尔顿）→a poet（诗人） c.?源于文学作品： Simile(明喻) 1. Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（tenor or subject）,喻体（vehicle or reference）和比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）。 eg: Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. as在明喻句中用作介词，后跟名词。也可用作连词，后跟状语从句，表示动作或行为的方式。此外，还有两个常用句型，即as…as…和as…so…。英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为as+形容词+as+名词（第一个as可省略）。例如： (as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石 (as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 (as) close as an oyster 守口如瓶 (as) mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉 (as) strong as a horse 强壮如牛 (as) cool as a cucumber 泰然自若 (as) sober as a judge 十分清醒 (as) sure as a gun 千真万确 as if/though引导的虚拟句型，另外还有其他一些形式 ： Eg: He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Vealsquez. 这匹马真雄俊，看起来仿佛是从一副维拉斯奎兹的油画里跑出来的一样。 He woke them both up getting to bed, but when they tried to wake him up afterwards they might as well have tried to wake the dead. 他去睡觉的时候把他们两