电极过程动力学Chaper 6 - Double layer.ppt

Chapter 6 The properties and structures of the electric double layer at electrode/electrolyte interfaces The electrode/electrolyte interfaces It is essential to have an electrode/electrolyte interface for the electrochemical reactions to take place. Such an interface is established by direct contact of the electrode (electron conductors) with electrolyte (ion conductors). The electric double layer is the core of the electrode/electrolyte interface, which is formed by the charges reside in the interfacial region, and in which the interfacial potential difference is distributed. The formation of charged layers at the interfaces between two phases As two substances of different nature are made in contact, a charged region may be produced in each phases near the phase boundary due to Charge transfer between two phase, e.g., the dissolution of metal: Ag ? Ag+ + e Adsorption of charged species at interfaces Orientated arrangement of dipole(偶极) A relatively detailed view of potentials and interfacial potential differences（电位差） The equi-potential nature of conductors The potential difference between two points within a phase —— the work required to bring a unit positive charge from point 1 to point 2. The location of the excess charges in a conducting phase The Gauss law: if we enclose a volume with an imaginary surface ( a Gaussian surface), we will find that the net charge “q” inside the surface is given by an integral of the electric field over the surface: The inner potential and outer potential of a phase The value of the potential at a particular point within a phase, f, is related to the work ( Wc ) required to overcome the coulombic interaction （库仑作用）between the test charge and the studying phase upon bringing the test charge from the location of zero potential into the phase. “ W ” consists of two contributions: (a) W1 --- that required to bring the unit charge to the closest distance from the phase boundary where no non-coulombic interaction starts to func