英语国家概况-殖民时代的美国.ppt

Amercian in the Colonial Era美国在殖民时代 Chapter 9 History It is traditionally believed that the first Amercia were Indians,descendants of the Mongoloid people in Asia.About at least 12,000 years ago,they travelled to the North Amercian continent.From that time on,they made their home and lived there. 传统上认为,第一批生活在美洲的是印第安人，亚洲蒙古人的后裔。在至少12000年前，他们旅行并来到北美大陆。从那时起，他们定居下来在那里生活。 It is traditionally believed that the first Amercia were Indians,descendants of the Mongoloid people in Asia. Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗·哥伦布 出生于意大利热那亚，卒于西班牙巴利亚多利德。他相信大地球形说，认为从欧洲西航可达东方的印度。 考察了中美洲洪都拉斯到达连湾2000多千米的海岸线；认识了巴拿马地峡；发现和利用了大西洋低纬度吹东风，较高纬度吹西风的风向变化。 开辟了横渡大西洋到美洲航路。先后到达巴哈马群岛、古巴、海地、多米尼加、特立尼达岛等。 Financed by the Spanish King and Queen,he sailed west in search of a new sea route to India Following in Columbuss foot,Amerigo Vespucci(亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇),an Italy navigator,discovered the continent of South Ameicia.The newly found continent was later named after him and became known as Amercia. The first successful English colony in North Amercia at Jamestown（詹姆斯顿）,Virginia,in 1607. In 1620,the Pilgrim Fathers sailed for Virginia on a ship called the Mayflower. By 1733,English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast .Elsewhere in North Amercia,the French controlled Canada(加拿大） and Louisiana(路易斯安娜州). Seven Years War 七年战争发生在1754年至1763年，而主要冲突则集中于1756年-1763年。当时欧洲上的主要强国均参与了这场战争，其影响覆盖了欧洲、北美、中美洲、西非海岸、印度、以及菲律宾。 这场战争由欧洲列强之间的对抗所驱动。英国与法国和西班牙在贸易与殖民地上相互竞争。 最后，英国赢得了加拿大和整个北美东部密西西比州的地区的控制权。 Seven Years War Soon afterwards,English and its colonies were in conflict. English imposed new taxes partly to defray(支付) the cost of fighting the Seven Years War and expected Amercians to lodge(暂住) British soldiers in their homes. The colonies resented(怨恨) the taxes and resisted the quartering(为......提供食宿) of soldiers. No taxation without representation!无代表不纳税 无代表，不纳税的含义是，如果一群人在议会里没有自己的代表，那么它通过的税法对这群人是无效的。美国独立革命使用这句话，是因为英国议会里没有北美殖民地的议员。 最早出现在1763年到1776年间，集中体现了北美最初十三个英属殖民地居民当时的最大不满情绪. 是美国独立战争的开端。 印第安人 He failed to rea