操作系统第八章概要1.ppt

Operating System Concepts 8.5.2 Hardware (Cont.) Example of Segmentation 对段2第53B的引用？ 对段3第852B的引用? 对段0第1222B ？ Since segments vary in length, memory allocation is a dynamic storage-allocation problem. Operating System Concepts 8.5.2 Hardware硬件支持 分段中，进行地址转换的步骤： 分页中，逻辑地址到物理地址转换的步骤： 提取页号，即逻辑地址最左面的n位。 以这个页号为索引，查找该进程页表中相应的帧号k。 该帧的起始物理地址为kx2m,被访问字节的物理地址是这个数加上偏移量 物理地址不需要计算，它可以通过简单地把偏移量添加在帧号后面来构造 Operating System Concepts 8.5.2 Hardware硬件支持 Operating System Concepts 8.5.3 Protection and Sharing保护与共享 Protection.保护 With each entry in segment table associate: validation bit = 0 ? illegal segment read/write/execute privileges Code sharing occurs at segment level 段共享 A segmentation example is shown in the following diagram Operating System Concepts 8.5.3 Protection and Sharing (Cont.) Operating System Concepts Chapter 8 Main Memory (Cont.) 8.1 Background 背景 8.2 Swapping 交换 8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation 连续内存分配 8.4 Paging 分页 8.5 Segmentation 分段 8.6 Segmentation with Paging 带分页的分段 8.7 Summary Operating System Concepts 8.6 Segmentation with Paging Use segments to manage logically related units 使用段管理逻辑有关的单元 Module, procedure, stack, file, data, etc. Segments vary in size, but usually large (multiple pages) Use pages to partition segments into fixed size chunks使用页来把段划分成大小固定的部分 Makes segments easier to manage within physical memory Segments become “pageable” – rather than moving segments into and out of memory, just move page portions of segment Need to allocate page table entries only for those pieces of the segments that have themselves been allocated Operating System Concepts 8.6 Segmentation with Paging (Cont.) MULTICS The MULTICS system solved problems of external fragmentation and lengthy search times by paging the segments. Solution differs from pure segmentation in that the segment-table entry contains not the base address of the segment, but rather the base address of a page table for this segment. Operating System Concepts 8.6 Segmentation with Paging (Cont.) MULTICS