2017级运动人体科学运动损伤与恢复专业方向研究生试卷M答案.docVIP

2010级运动人体科学运动损伤与恢复专业方向研究生试卷Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 前交叉韧带 Pathophysiology:病理学 ● The mechanism of ACL injury in the skeletally immature is the same as in adults, with most being noncontact. 在插管对骨未成熟前交叉韧带损伤的机制是成年人，而非接触的大部分相同。 ● Females have a higher incidence of noncontact ACL injury than their male counterparts. 女性具有非接触前交叉韧带损伤比男性的高发病 ● ACL injuries in this population may be tibial spine bony avulsions as well as ligament tears. 在这一人群的 ACL 损伤可能胫骨骨棘以及韧带撕裂。 ● ACL injury has been reported in up to 65% of children with acute hemarthrosis. 前交叉韧带损伤据报在小儿急性膝关节积血的 65%。 ● The presence of open growth plates requires special attention in determining treatment of ACL injuries. 开放的生长板的存在需要特别注意，在确定 ACL 损伤的治疗。 Evaluation:评价 ● History原因 ○ Establish the mechanism of injury. Classic presentation is sudden deceleration or twisting injury with a ‘‘pop,’’ immediate swelling, and inability to continue playing. 建立损伤的机制。经典的演示文稿是突然减速或扭曲损伤流行，立即肿胀，以及无法继续播放。 ● Physical examination体格检查 ○ A positive Lachman test is sufficient to make the diagnosis. 积极的拉赫曼测试足以进行诊断。 ○ Evaluate for other associated injuries, including ligamentous injury, patellofemoral instability, and meniscal injury. 其他相关的伤害，包括韧带损伤、 髌股关节不稳和半月板损伤的评估。 ● Imaging图像描述 ○ Standard four-view x-rays: weight-bearing AP and tunnel; lateral with knee in extension; axial patellar view at 30- or 45- of knee flexion (merchant,sunrise). 标准四视图 x 射线： 负重 AP 和隧道 ；横向扩展 ； 在膝在 30 或 45 的膝关节屈曲 （商人，日出) 的轴向髌骨视图。 ○ MRI is helpful in determining the extent of the ligamentous injury as well as associated injuries such as meniscal tears and chondral lesions. 磁共振成像是有助于确定韧带损伤的严重程度以及相关如半月板和软骨病变的损伤。 Treatment:治疗方法 ● Initial treatment involves ice, compression and restoration of ROM, especially extension (not immobilization) and protected weight bearing. 首次处理涉及冰、 压缩和修复的 ROM，尤其是扩展名 （而不是固定），与保护负重。 ● Tibial spine ACL avulsions need urgent evaluation for surgery. 胫骨棘撕 ACL 手术需要紧急的评价。 ● Concern exists regarding surgical management of intrasubstance ACL injuries in