测绘英语Traversing.pptVIP

测绘工程专业英语 Traversing The end, thank you! * The purpose of the surveying is to locate the positions of points on or near the surface of the earth. To determine horizontal positions of arbitrary points on the earth’s surface and elevation of points above or below a reference surface are known as a control survey. The positions and elevations of the points make up a control network. There are different types of control networks depending on where and why they are established. A control network may have very accurate positions but no elevations (called a horizontal control network) or very accurate elevations but no positions (called a vertical control network). Some points in a control network have both accurate positions and elevations. A control network may cover a small area by using a “local” coordinate system that allows you to position the features in relation to the control network but doesn’t tell you where the features are on the surface of the earth, or cover a large area by consisting of a few well-placed and precise-established control points, which is sometimes called the primary control. The horizontal positions of points in a network can be obtained in a number of different ways. The generally used methods are triangulation, trilateration, traversing, intersection, resection and GPS. Traversing A survey traverse is a sequence of lengths and directions of lines between points on the earth, obtained by or from field angle and distance measurements and used in determining positions of the points. The angles are measured using transits, theodolites, or total stations, whereas the distances can be measured using steel tapes or EDM instruments. A survey traverse may determine the relative positions of the points that it connects in series, and if tied to control stations based on some coordinate system, the positions may be referred to that system. *