水合物基础知识概要1.pptVIP

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水合物基础知识概要1

* * Natural Gas Hydrate 水 合 物 荔湾平台 * * In natural gas pipeline and equipment, the formation of hydrates may result in the reduction of pipelines flow area, or lead a block to equipment or pipeline. Therefore, it is very important for us to understand the characteristics of hydrate in preventing the formation of gas hydrate. Preface * * TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The basic characteristics of gas hydrate   2. The formation of gas hydrate 3. How to inhibit or prevent hydrate 4. The application of gas hydrate * * 1. The basic characteristics of gas hydrate In a certain temperature and pressure,some components of the natural gas with liquid water can form gas hydrate. Gas hydrate is a kind of white crystalline solid,looking similar to the ice or density loose snow, density of 0.88 ~ 0.9 g/cm3. * * Natural gas hydrate * * Gas hydrate structure similar crickets cage * * 1.1 The structure of natural gas hydrate Gas hydrate is a kind of squirrel-cage clathrate , each water molecule under the action of hydrogen grid combines with together to form a cage, gas molecules by the action of the Van der Waals force are surrounded in the clathrate. * * Methane hydrate simulation diagram * * The internal cage structure Flammable ice * * Gas hydrate 水-水:氢键 (hydrogen bond) ? Water molecules “笼子 (cavity)” Gas molecules:CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, ? N2, H2S, CO2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, ? 外观为类冰晶体 非化学计量的 包合物 (clathrate) * * 1.2 The type of gas hydrate Types of clathrate Number of water molecules clathrate shape The number of clathrate lholes clathrate structure of the hole Type I: 46 small big 2 6 512 51262 Type II: 136 small big 16 8 512 51264 Type H: 34 small Middle big 3 2 1 512 435663 51268 * * * * 2. The conditions of Gas hydrate formation 2.1 Necessary conditions: Natural Gas and free water. The recognized formation condition: Temperature condition:2.5~25 °C. Pressure condition:5~40Mpa。 * * 2.2 Auxiliary conditions Auxiliary cond

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