粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析 - 副本.docxVIP

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2010,36(5):801?809/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00801粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析张宏根孔宪旺**朱正斌汤述翥*裔传灯顾铭洪扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/教育部植物功能基因组学重点实验室,江苏扬州225009摘要:收集具有代表性的BT型粳稻不育系、保持系及恢复系各16个,共配制229个杂交粳稻组合,就三系亲本的性状特征、粳稻的杂种优势、不同性状亲子间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：(1)恢复系和保持系的潜在库容相近,但恢复系分蘖性较弱、结实率和千粒重较低,单株产量显著低于保持系。恢复系的垩白度显著高于保持系,直链淀粉含量极显著低于保持系。改良外观品质和提高结实率是今后恢复系选育的主要目标。(2)杂交粳稻普遍存在较强的中亲优势,多数性状的超亲优势不强,但在生长势上则表现非常明显的竞争优势。杂交粳稻大穗优势突出,但结实率多表现负向优势,是目前制约杂交粳稻产量优势发挥的主要限制因素。(3)杂种的多数性状由不育系和恢复系共同决定,杂种与中亲值的相关性最好。比较而言,抽穗期、穗总粒数等性状与不育系关系较为密切,株高、穗实粒数、结实率、品质性状与恢复系关系较为密切。关键词:粳稻;质核互作雄性不育系;恢复系;杂种优势;相关分析AnalysisofCharacteristicsandHeterosisofThree-LineParentsinHybrid JaponicaRiceZHANGHong-Gen,KONGXian-Wang**,ZHUZheng-Bin,TANGShu-Zhu*,YIChuan-Deng,andGUMing-HongKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiologyofJiangsuProvince/KeyLaboratoryofPlantFunctionalGenomics,MinistryofEducation,Yang-zhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstract:SixteenrepresentativevarietieseachforBT-typecytoplasmic-nucleicmalesterility(CMS)lines,maintainersandre-storerswerecollectedrespectively,and229hybridcombinationsweredevelopedinthisstudy.Thenthecorrelationsbetweenparentsandprogenieswereanalysedonthealltraits.Themainresultswereasfollows:(1)Comparedwiththemaintainers,therestorershadhigherplantheight,thickerstalkandbiggerpanicle.Thelatentstoragecapacityofthemaintainersandrestorerswasabout30gonanaverage,andtherestorershadlesstillers,lowerseedsettingrateandlower1000-grainweigh,resultingintheloweryieldperplant.Thechalkinessdegreeofrestorerswashigherthanthatofmaintainers,whiletheamylosecontentofrestor-erswassignificantlylowerthanthatofmaintainers.(2)Themid-parentheterosisofhybridjaponicaricewasstrong,whiletheover-parentheterosisofmostcharacterswasweakexceptingthecompetitiveadvantageofgrowthvigor.Thepaniclesofhybridjaponicaricewerebig,showingthepositiveheterosis,buttheseedsettingratehadanegativeheterosis,whichwasthemainlimi-tingfactorontheyieldheterosisofhybridjaponicarice.(3)Analysisofthecorrelationbetwe