伦琴射线（X ray）.doc

伦琴射线（X ray） X ray Open classification: physics, radiation, Nobel physics prize, ray, electromagnetism Wilhelm Conrad R? ntgen rays, also known as x-rays (X - Ray). It is a very short wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, which has a wavelength of about 0.001 nanometer to 10 nanometers. Roentgen rays have high penetration and can penetrate opaque materials such as ink, wood, etc. This invisible to the naked eye rays visible fluorescence can make a lot of solid material, make the photographic negative photosensitive and air ionization effect, the greater the shorter the wavelength of the X-ray energy, called the hard X rays, wavelength long X ray energy is low, called soft X-ray. When the electrons of the high-speed movement hit the metal target in a vacuum, the target emits an X-ray, which is the structural principle of the X-ray tube. The X rays emitted are divided into two categories: (1) if the energy of the electron being blocked by the target is not beyond a certain limit, only the radiation of the continuous spectrum is emitted. This radiation is called bremsstrahlung; (2) a discontinuous, it has only a few special linear spectra, the radiation of this emission line spectrum is called characteristic radiation. The properties of the continuous spectrum have nothing to do with the target material, and the characteristic spectrum is related to the target material. Different materials have different characteristic spectra which is why they are called characteristics. X-rays are characterized by very short wavelengths and very high frequencies. So the X-ray must have been generated by the transition between two energy levels of the atom in the energy gap. So the X-ray spectrum is emitted when the electrons in the atom are the innermost electrons in the atom, and the optical spectrum is emitted when the electrons in the outer layers jump. The X rays are not deflected in the electric field. This means that x-rays are uncharged particles. In 1906, the experiment pro