有机化学知识点归纳整理（Organic chemistry knowledge points are summarized）.docVIP

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有机化学知识点归纳整理（Organic chemistry knowledge points are summarized）.doc

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有机化学知识点归纳整理（Organic chemistry knowledge points are summarized）

有机化学知识点归纳整理（Organic chemistry knowledge points are summarized） Organic chemistry knowledge points are summarized I. homologue The structure is similar, in the molecular composition of one or a number of CH2 atomic mass of matter material. The key points of the homologue: 1. Common, but the same is not necessarily homologue. 2. The composition of elements must be the same 3. Structural similarity refers to the similarity of the atomic connection mode, the same functional group type and number. The structure similarity is not necessarily identical, such as CH3CH2CH3 and (CH3) 4C, the former has no branched chain, the latter has a chain is still the homologue. 4, on the molecules must vary one or a few CH2 groups, but the difference between the general formula of same one or a few is not necessarily homologue CH2 groups, such as CH3CH2Br and CH3CH2CH2Cl are halogenated hydrocarbon, and composition differs a CH2 groups, but not homologue. The isomers are not homologues. Two isomers The compound has the same molecular formula, but the phenomenon with different structures is called isomeric phenomenon. Compounds with isomeric phenomena are called isomers. 1. Types of isomers: Carbon chain isomerism: the isomerism caused by the connection of carbon atoms to a different chain or ring structure. There are three isomers such as C5H12, n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane. Position heterogeneity: the heterogeneity caused by different positions of functional groups or substituents on the carbon chain. For example, 1-butene and 2-butene, 1-propanol and 2-propyl alcohol, o-xylene and xylene and xylene. Isomerism: the heterogeneity of functional groups, also called functional groups. Such as 1 - butyne and 1, 3 - butadiene, propylene and cyclopropane, ethanol and methyl ether, propyl aldehyde and acetone, acetic acid and methyl formate, glucose and fructose, sucrose and maltose sugar. In other heterogeneous ways, such as cis-trans, enantiotopic (also known as mirror isomerism or c