欧盟成员国制造业劳动力成本比较分析1996-2004.PDF

欧盟成员国制造业劳动力成本比较分析1996-2004 An Analysis of Labor Costs in EU’s Manufacturing Sector 1996-2004 王建伟 内容提要：本文对 1996 至 2004 年欧盟制造业劳动力成本变化情况进行了分析。分析所 依据的指标有两个，其一是劳动力支出占增加值比重；其二是劳动力支出占增加值比重在成 员国间的离散系数。通过分析，我们发现，欧盟制造业劳动力成本在考察期内呈逐步上升趋 势；成员国中，劳动力成本最高的是德法 2 国，劳动力成本最低的是爱尔兰；在制造业内部 各主要产业门类中，化学原料化学产品及合成纤维制造业劳动力成本最低，而运输设备制造 业劳动力成本最高。从整体上看，欧盟成员国制造业劳动力成本的一体化程度有所降低，但 各主要产业门类劳动力成本一体化程度的差异性明显。 Abstract: This paper analyzes the movements of labor costs in EU’s manufacturing sector between 1996 and 2004. The analysis is based on two indicators. One is the ratio of personnel costs to value-added at factor cost. The other is the coefficient of variation the ratios among different member states in different industries and at different points of time. Data suggest that 1) EU’s labor costs in the manufacturing sector rose steadily during the observed period; 2) France and Germany were the member states with highest labor costs while Ireland was the member state with the lowest labor costs; 3) Manufacture of chemicals, chemical products and man-made fibres was the lowest labor costs industry within the manufacturing sector while manufacture of transport equipment industry was the costliest industry in terms of labor costs. On the whole, EU’s labor costs across different member states in the manufacturing sector became less integrated between 1996 and 2004 although industries varied considerably. 关键词：欧盟 制造业 劳动力成本 分析 Key words: EU, manufacturing sector, labor costs, analysis 一、引言 本文主要研究以下两个问题：其一，欧盟成员国制造业劳动力成本在 1996-2004 年间的 基本状况及变化情况；其二，欧盟成员国制造业劳动力成本一体化的进展情况。研究前者旨 在描绘欧盟制造业劳动力成本在成员国间和制造业内部主要产业间的高低分布图景，而研究 后者的主要目的则是对欧盟制造业劳动力成本在 1996-2004 年间的一体化态势进行评估分 析。 在本文中，我们以劳动力支出1 2 占增加值 比重这一变量作为考察劳动力成本高低的指 标，以劳动力支出占增加值比重