辽工英语专升本讲义-分词.pptVIP

注①：已经成为形容词的分词，可以用 very 修饰；没有完全成为形容词的分词宜用 much 或 quite，有时也可用very much，如： I’m very much pleased. He’s very much worried about his health. The small village is surrounded by trees. (状态) The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (动作) I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me. The sun is risen. This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921. 经常用现在分词或过去分词做表语的动词有： excite（使兴奋）, encourage（鼓励）, move（使感动）, astonish（使吃惊）, surprise（使惊呀）, frighten（使害怕）, bore（使厌倦）, tire （使厌倦）, disappoint（使失望）, interest（使感兴趣）, worry（使着急）, puzzle（使迷惑）, shock（使震惊）, satisfy（使满意） 注：分词作定语时，意义上接近于一个定语从句，如： developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated ② 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如： Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains. They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 与被修饰词间是主动关系，如： They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. ④ 过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的词之间是动宾关系即过去分词表被动，如： Is this the book recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important. He is a man loved by all. I hate to see letters written in pencil. ⑤ 分词还可以作非限制性定语（相当于一个非限制性定语从句），这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister. ⑦ 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如： Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is