《P1专业会计师》资料一.docVIP

《P1专业会计师》资料一 本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处 ? ? ? ?Part A - Governance and Responsibility ? 　　Principles-based vs. Rules-based ? 　　Principles-based approach ? 　　（1） Principles-based approach requires the company to adhere to thespirit rather than the letter of code. ? 　　（2） The approaches focus on objectives rather than the mechanisms bywhich these objectives will be achieved. ? 　　（3） The approaches can lay stress on those elements of corporategovernance to which rules cannot easily be applied. ? 　　（4） The approaches can applied across different legal jurisdictionsrather being founded in the legal regulations of one country. ? 　　（5） The approaches avoid inflexible legislation and allows companies todevelop their own approaches to corporate governance. ? 　　（6） The approaches are too board to be used as a guide to bestcorporate governance practice. ? 　　（7） There may be confusion over what is compulsory and what isn’t. ? 　　Rules-based approach ? 　　（1） Rules-based approach places more definite achievement and provideclarity in terms of what you must do. The rules are legal requirement. ? 　　（2） The approaches allow no leeway. The key is whether or not you havecomplied with the rules. ? 　　（3） It should in theory be easy to see whether there has beencompliance with the rules. But that depends on whether the rules areunambiguous. ? 　　（4） It is rigid and difficult to deal with questionable situation thatare not covered sufficiently in the rulebook. ? 　　Influence of ownership: Family firms vs. Joint-stockcompanies ? 　　Insider systems ? 　　Insider system is where companies are ownedand controlled by a small number of major shareholders, which may be members ofthe company’s founding family. ? 　　（Advantages） ? 　　（1） It is easier to establish ties between owners and managers. Theagency problem is reduced in the case of that the owners are involved inmanagement. ? 　　（2） It is easier to influence company management even if the owners arenot involved in management. ? 　　（3） A smaller base of s