外源化学物致突变作用（Mutagenic action of exogenous chemicals）.doc

外源化学物致突变作用（Mutagenic action of exogenous chemicals） Mutagenic action of exogenous chemicals The first section is an overview Heredity and variation (variation) Mutation (mutation) Changes in the genetic structure itself and the heritable variation that causes it Spontaneous mutation (spontaneous, mutation) Induced mutation (induced, mutation) Mutagenicity (mutagenesis): Broad sense is the ability of foreign factors, especially chemical factors, to change the genetic material in the nucleus, and this change can be carried out along with the process of cell division. In brief, the occurrence and process of mutation is mutagenic. Mutagen (mutagen): a substance that causes a mutation Direct-acting ~ Indirect-acting ~ 1904 de Vries x can alter the genetic material of germ cells 1927, H.J.Muller: x, Drosophila melanogaster sex linked recessive lethal mutation (start) 1942 Charlotte AuerbachJ.M.Robson nitrogen mustard has mutagenicity in Drosophila (the first evidence of chemical mutagens) 1951 Russed can induce mutation in mice by X-ray 1966 Cuttanach chemicals can induce mouse mutation At the end of the 50s and early 60s, the impact of mutations on health was widely recognized Genetic toxicology (genetic, toxicology) Study on the health effects of chemical and radioactive material mutagenicity and human exposure may cause mutagenic effect; mechanism of mutation detection system, application discovery and exploration of mutagens, a method is presented to evaluate the health hazards of mutagens 1. DNA and genes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): a macromolecular substance stored in genetic information, consisting of ribose, phosphoric acid and bases, with the basic component being four nucleotides, forming a double helix structure Gene: the smallest complete functional unit in the DNA molecule; it can guide expression and production of a gene product (protein or RNA), DNA sequence specific physiological function under certain conditions, including encoding region and control reg