固井知识（Cementing knowledge）.doc

固井知识（Cementing knowledge） The theory of knowing Drilling knowledge The use of specialized tools and equipment to continuously crush rock to form a borehole is called drilling. (1) drill bit A drill is the main tool for breaking rock. (2) drilling The composition of the drilling is different with the drilling conditions and methods. Drilling is an important tool for high quality, safety and quick drilling. It is the hinge between the ground and underground. The drilling quality mainly includes the damage degree of the oil and gas reservoir, the well bore quality, the coring recovery rate, the well completion and the cementing quality and so on. The drilling fluid for production is a water-based clay drilling fluid configured with clay and water. The quality of the well is the deviation between the inclination of the borehole axis and the design of the well. The completion method mainly refers to the method of determining the connection between the production layer and the bottom hole and the well structure after a well is drilled. (1) open hole completion method The open hole completion method can be divided into pre open hole completion method and later open hole completion method. The pre open hole completion method is to drill down the oil pipe casing to the top of the production layer before drilling through the production layer. In the latter stage, the open hole method is to lower the oil casing pipe to the top of the reservoir after drilling through the production layer. (2) perforation completion; Perforation completion method is the most widely used method of completion at home and abroad. Its essence is drilling, the casing to the reservoir bottom cementing, perforating and then shot through the casing and cement sheath and shells into the production layer in a certain depth, so oil and gas can be formed by perforating holes into the well. (3) liner completion method The liner completion method is to carry out cementing operations on the top of the oil pipe