块石片石区别（Stone rubble difference）.doc

块石片石区别（Stone rubble difference） Stone, by blasting or wedge mining thickness not less than 15cm Stone, by the rock or chop into chunks of rock, shape of the founder, roughly flat, thickness not less than 20cm, the width is about the thickness of 1 to 1.5 times, the length is about the thickness of 1.5 ~ 3 times. Stone, and the stone asked almost, but the thickness is 7~25cm, and each side bump height of not more than 10mm 1. phenomena The retaining wall does not leave the drain L, or the discharge hole is blocked or the wall is discharged. The fL drain is made of hydrophobic layer or drainage slope Enough, earth in serious water retaining and water retaining wall at the same time, the internal force increased significantly, causing wall tilt Deformation, cracking, or even collapse. 2. cause analysis (1) the drainage hole is not kept according to the drawing requirements, or the method of retaining hole is wrong and causes blockage. (2) the hydrophobic layer has not been laid out according to the construction specifications or drawings. (3) the inner wall does not make the flashing slope in accordance with the regulations, construction materials and soil residues at the foot of the wall is not cleared. 3. preventive measures (1) masonry retaining walls shall be provided with drain holes according to the design requirements. The drainage hole should adopt the method of retaining sleeves and check. Whether the water outlet is unblocked or not, and if it is blocked, it should be cleared or repaired in time. (2) in the backfill after the wall, the drain hole and the surrounding area shall be used as the drain layer On the horizontal surface of the drain hole, loosen 30cm, thick 20cm crushed stone or cobble to make the sparse water layer, in order to make the water inside the soil drain along the drain hole. (3) the top surface of retaining walls should have an appropriate slope so that the surface water flows to the outer side of the retaining wall. 4. governance methods