病理学考试必考内容0101（The pathology exam will have an examination of 0101）.docVIP

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病理学考试必考内容0101（The pathology exam will have an examination of 0101）.doc

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病理学考试必考内容0101（The pathology exam will have an examination of 0101）

病理学考试必考内容0101（The pathology exam will have an examination of 0101） First cell, tissue adaptation, damage and repair Section 1 adaptive change 1. Wilting 1. Concept: the reduced volume of cells, tissues or organs that have developed normally is called atrophy. According to the causes, the two categories: physiological atrophy and pathological atrophy. Physiological atrophy, such as adult thymic atrophy, gonadal atrophy after menopause and atrophy of organs in old age. 2. Common pathological atrophy (1) atrophy of the whole body: chronic malnutrition, chronic wasting disease or obstruction of the digestive tract. (2) the localized atrophy: as the heart and cerebral atherosclerosis, the plaques reduce the cavity of the blood vessels, causing the organs of the heart and brain to atrophy; When polio is polio, its dominant muscle atrophied. After the fracture of the limb, the limb is fixed with plaster, and the muscles and bones atrophy due to long-term inactivity. The concept and type of hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia (1) hypertrophy 1. Concept: the enlargement of cell, tissue and organ volume is called hypertrophy. The material foundation is the growth of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes in cells, and the predominance of protein synthesis, so that the organ can increase evenly and adapt to the need of environmental change. 2. Type of hypertrophy (1) compensatory hypertrophy: left ventricular hypertrophy caused by hypertension; On one side of the kidney, the hypertrophy of the lateral kidney. (2) secretory hypertrophy: endocrine hormone ACTS on effector, which causes hypertrophy, such as lactation of mammary gland cells; The uterine leiomyotropis hypertrophy in pregnancy. (ii) hyperplasia 1. Concept: the volume of tissue or organs resulting from increased number of parenchymal cells is called hyperplasia. Hyperplasia can be divided into two categories: physiological hyperplasia and pathological hyperplasia. 2. Type of hyperplasia (1)