cell division 细胞分裂.pptVIP

Figure 2.31 Transfer RNA. Hydrogen bonding 氫鍵鍵結 between complementary base pairs is responsible for the cloverleaf structure 苜宿葉的構造 of transfer RNA. The tRNA binds a specific amino acid on one end, and it has a base sequence called an anticodon 反 (補) 密碼子 on the other end that recognizes the complementary 互補的 mRNA codon 密碼子 P48 Translation Translation 轉譯 is the process in which polypeptides are synthesized 多胜肽合成的過程 using mRNA codons as a template 模板 for the assembly of the correct amino acids along the sequence 沿著序列組裝正確的胺基酸 Translation occurs in the cytoplasm 在細胞質發生 in association with ? mRNA, ? tRNA, and ? ribosomes (rRNA) ? ? tRNA carries the appropriate amino acid to the ? ribosome based on interaction with the ? mRNA codon 反(補)密碼子 接受胺基酸的一端 Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Translation Ribosomes not actively involved in translation are found free in the cytosol as their individual subunits (small large) 沒有參與轉譯作用的核醣體是以個別的次單位游離在細胞質中 Ribosomes have two tRNA binding sites 有兩個tRNA結合位: P site holds tRNA with last amino acid added to polypeptide chain 捉住上一個帶有胺基酸的tRNA加到多胜肽鏈上 A site holds tRNA with next amino acid to be added to polypeptide chain 捉住帶有下一個胺基酸的tRNA加到多胜肽鏈上 Charged tRNA: tRNA bound to its amino acid 有帶胺基酸的tRNA Free tRNA: tRNA without its amino acid 沒有帶胺基酸的tRNA P48-49 Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 2.32 Initiation of translation. In the cytosol, initiation factors 起始因子 bind to the CAP region of a mRNA molecule and to the small ribosomal subunit, triggering the binding of the small ribosomal subunit to the mRNA. A tRNA with the anticodon complementary to the initiation codon of mRNA binds to the mRNA by the law of complementary base pairing. The large ribosomal subunit bin