薄壁容器应力分析.pptVIP

第四章 压力容器设计 CHAPTER 4 Design of Pressure Vessel Mechanical Design of Process Equipment ;Mechanical Design of Process Equipment;The basic data needed;Them is no strict definition of what constitutes a pressure vessel，but it is generally accepted that any closed vessel over 150 mm diameter subject to a pressure difference of more than 1 bar should be designed as a pressure vessel. It is not possible to give a completely comprehensive account of vessel design in one chapter. The design methods and data given should be sufficient for the preliminary design of conventional vessels. Sufficient for the chemical engineer to check the feasibility of a proposed equipment design；to estimate the vessel cost for an economic analysis；and to determine the vessels general proportions and weight for plant layout purposes. For a more detailed account of pressure vessel design the reader should refer to other useful books on the mechanical design of process equipment. ;An elementary understanding of the principles of the “Strength of Materials”（Mechanics of Solids）will be needed to follow this chapter. Readers who are not familiar with the subject should consult one of the many textbooks available；such as those by Faupel and Fisher（1981）. The book by Faupel and Fisher is particularly recommended as a general introduction to mechanical design for chemical engineers. ;Classification of pressure vessels;庄冯涤悟昂滚靴本肢樊纷爸郭桃盔岛载因旭沫御峨心苗尊姻灾呵钝瞥讯猫薄壁容器应力分析薄壁容器应力分析;The principal stresses acting at a point in the wall of a vessel，to a pressure load，are shown in Figure 3.1. If the wall is thin，the radial stress σ3 will be small and can be neglected in comparison with the other stresses，and the longitudinal and circumferential stressesσ1 andσ2 can be taken as constant over the wall thickness，In a thick wall，the magnitude of the radial stress will be significant，and the circumferential stress will vary across the wall. The majority of the vessels used in the chemical and allied industries are classified