洞坑作业1.pptVIP

* The following concerns must be addressed by a competent person: Evaluate soil conditions [1926 Subpart P Appendix A] and select appropriate protective systems [1926 Subpart P Appendix F]. Construct protective systems in accordance with the standard requirements [1926.652]. Preplan; contact utilities (gas, electric) to locate underground lines, plan for traffic control if necessary, determine proximity to structures that could affect choice of protective system. Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases, especially when gasoline engine-driven equipment is running, or the dirt has been contaminated by leaking lines or storage tanks. Insure adequate ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary. Provide safe access into and out of the excavation. Provide appropriate protections if water accumulation is a problem. Inspect the site daily at the start of each shift, following a rainstorm, or after any other hazard-increasing event. Keep excavations open the minimum amount of time needed to complete operations. Surface crossing of trenches should not be made unless absolutely necessary. However, if necessary, they are only permitted under the following conditions: -- Vehicle crossings must be designed by and installed under the supervision of a registered professional engineer. -- Walkways or bridges must: -- have a minimum clear width of 20 inches, -- be fitted with standard rails, and -- extend a minimum of 24 inches past the surface edge of the trench. * * OSHA Office of Training and Education * 坑洞的检查 如果安全人员发现坑壁存在塌方的危险，或任何影响安全施工的因素，如：保护系统失效、危险气体超标等，应立即采取： 人员从危险区域撤离， 直至安全措施落实到位，才可以继续施工。 OSHA Office of Training and Education * 评估 由施工方在坑洞作业前，对作业现场进行评估： 分析土壤类型及状态 确定保护系统 检测氧气含量、易燃易爆气体及有毒气体含量 设计安全通道 提供联络工具 配备所需安全设备和器械 断层 OSHA Office of Training and Education * 总结 塌方是坑洞作业中危害最大的一种风险。 通过放坡/台、安装人员保护设备、修建坑壁支撑系统等方式，对施工人员进行保护。 由专职坑洞作业安全人员对作业区域进行日常检查。