08 AC Motor - Schneider Electric（08年交流电动机-施耐德电气）.pdf

Section 8: AC Motors,motor control and motor protection Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services Introduction Electric motors are an important part of any electrical system. Because they convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, they are the interface between the electrical and mechanical systems of a facility. This creates unique challenges for control and protection which have, in turn, led to unique solutions. This section gives background on various AC motor types, and the control and protection practices commonly used for these. AC motor types Motors generally consist of two basic assemblies: The stator, or stationary part, and the rotor, or rotating part. Motors have two sets of windings: armature windings , to which the power is applied, and field windings , which produce a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field from the armature windings to produce torque on the rotor. This torque causes the rotor to rotate. For most AC motors, the armature windings are located on the stator, and the field windings are located on the rotor (one exception is the field exciter for a brushless synchronous motor, as described below). For this reason, in most cases the armature windings are known synonymously as the stator windings. AC motors in common use today may be divided into two broad categories: Induction (asynchronous) or synchronous. These two types of motors differ in how the rotor field excitation is supplied. For induction motors, there is no externally-applied rotor excitation, and current is instead induced into the rotor windings due to the rotating stator magnetic field. For synchronous motors, a field excitation is applied to the rotor windings. This difference in field excitation leads to differences in motor characteristics, which leads in turn to different protection and control requirements for each motor type. A.) Induction motors Induction motors are the “workhorses” of modern industry. Because t