李彤《软件工程》教学课件ch2.pptVIP

Key points Human and organisational factors have a significant effect on the operation of socio-technical systems. There are complex interactions between the processes of system procurement, development and operation. A legacy system is an old system that continues to provide essential services. Legacy systems include business processes, application software, support software and system hardware. Exercise P41: 2.1, 2.4, 2.8. * Ian Sommerville. Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 2 * Dr. Tong Li 2014 National Elaborate Shared Course National Elaborate Course Shared Course of Chinese Universities Software Engineering Socio-technical Systems Chapter 2 What is a system? A purposeful collection of inter-related components working together to achieve some common objective. A system may include software, mechanical, electrical and electronic hardware and be operated by people. System components are dependent on other system components. The properties and behaviour of system components are inextricably intermingled.（必然混合的） System categories Technical computer-based systems Systems that include hardware and software but where the operators and operational processes are not normally considered to be part of the system. The system is not self-aware (自知之明). Socio-technical systems Systems that include technical systems but also operational processes and people who use and interact with the technical system. Socio-technical systems are governed by organisational policies and rules. Socio-technical system characteristics Emergent properties Properties of the system of a whole that depend on the system components and their relationships. Non-deterministic They do not always produce the same output when presented with the same input because the systems’ behaviour is partially dependent on human operators. Complex relationships with organisational objectives The ex