李彤《软件工程》教学课件ch6.pptVIP

Alternatives to NL specification 注解 No t at i o n De s cr ip t i o n St ru c tu r ed na t u r a l l anguage T hi s a pproa c h dep e nds on de fi n i ng s t a ndard f or ms o r t e m p l a t e s t o exp r es s t he r equ i r e m e n t s spec ifi ca ti on. De si gn de s cr i p ti on l anguage s T hi s a pproa c h u s es a la nguage li ke a prog r a mmi ng l angu a ge bu t w i th m o r e ab st r a c t f ea t u r es t o s pec if y t he requ ir e m en ts by def i n i ng an op e ra ti ona l m ode l o f t h e sy st e m . T hi s a pproa c h i s no t now w i de l y used a lt hough it c an b e us e fu l fo r in te r f ace sp e c i f i c at ion s . G r aph i ca l no t a ti ons A graph ic a l l anguag e , supp l e m en t ed by t ex t anno t a ti ons i s used t o de fi ne t he f unc ti ona l r equ ir e m en t s fo r th e s ys t e m . An ea rl y exa m p l e o f s uch a g r aph i ca l l anguage wa s S AD T . Now , u s e - cas e de s c r ip ti on s and s equence d i ag r a m s a r e co mm on l y u s ed . M at he m a ti ca l sp e c i f i c at ion s T hese a r e no ta t i on s ba s ed on m a t he m a ti c a l concep ts s uch a s f i n it e - s t a t e m ach i ne s o r s et s . T hese una m b i guous spe ci f i ca ti on s r educe t he argu m en ts b e t w een c us t o m e r and con tr ac t o r abou t sy st e m f unc ti ona lit y. Howeve r , m os t cus t o m e r s don ’ t unde r s t and f or m a l spe ci f i ca ti on s and a r e r e l uc t an t t o a c cep t it as a s ys t e m con tr ac t . Structured language specifications The freedom of the requirements writer is limited by a predefined template for requirements. All requirements are written in a standard way. The terminology used in the description may be limited. The advantage is that the most of the expressiveness of natural language is maintained but a degree o