李彤《软件工程》教学课件ch11.pptVIP

11.3.1 Object models Structure the system into a set of loosely coupled objects with well-defined interfaces. Object-oriented decomposition is concerned with identifying object classes, their attributes and operations. When implemented, objects are created from these classes and some control model used to coordinate object operations. Invoice processing system issue () sendReminder () acceptP a yment () sendReceipt () in v oice# da te amount customer in v oice# da te amount customer# in v oice# da te amount customer# customer# name ad dr ess cr edit period Customer P a yment In v oice R eceipt Object model advantages Objects are loosely coupled so their implementation can be modified without affecting other objects. The objects may reflect real-world entities. OO implementation languages are widely used. However, object interface changes may cause problems and complex entities may be hard to represent as objects. 11.3.2 Function-oriented pipelining Functional transformations process their inputs to produce outputs. May be referred to as a pipe and filter model (as in UNIX shell). Variants of this approach are very common. When transformations are sequential, this is a batch sequential model which is extensively used in data processing systems. Not really suitable for interactive systems. Invoice processing system R ead issued in v oices Identify pa yments Issue r eceipts Find pa yments due R eceipts Issue pa yment r eminder R eminders In v oices P a yments Pipeline model advantages Supports transformation reuse. Intuitive organisation for stakeholder communication. Easy to add new transformations. Relatively simple to implement as either a concurrent or sequential system. However, requires a common format for data transfer along the pipeline and difficult to support event-based interaction. 11.4 Control styles Are concerned with the control flow between sub-systems. Distinct from the system decomposition model. Centralised control One sub-system has over