HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTIONS - Stanford University（作业1解决方案-斯坦福大学）.pdf

HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTIONS MATH 121 Problem (10.1.2). Prove that R× and M satisfy the two axioms in Section 1.7 for a group action of the multiplicative group R× on the set M . Solution. For the rst axiom, we have to check that for r , r ∈ R and m ∈ M , we 1 2 have r (r m) = (r r )m. 1 2 1 2 For the second axiom, we have to check that for m ∈ M , 1m = m. Both of these are included as part of the denition of a module. Problem (10.1.4). Let M be the module Rn described in Example 3 and let I , I , . . . , I 1 2 n be left ideals of R. Prove that the following are submodules of M : (a) {(x , x , . . . , x ) | x ∈ I }. 1 2 n i i (b) {(x , x , . . . , x ) | x ∈ R and x + x + · · · + x = 0}. 1 2 n i 1 2 n Solution. (a) Call the set N . We have to check that N is a subgroup, and that for r ∈ R and x ∈ N , rx ∈ N . Let x = (x , . . . , x ), y = (y , . . . , y ) ∈ N . 1 n 1 n Then x + y = (x + y , . . . , x + y ) ∈ N 1 1 n n since the I s are ideals and hence closed under sums. Now, let x = (x , . . . , x ) ∈ i 1 n N and r ∈ R. Then rx