INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR)（红外光谱(IR)）.pdf

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR) Theory and Interpretation of IR spectra ASSIGNED READINGS • Introduction to technique 25 (p. 833-834 in lab textbook) • Uses of the Infrared Spectrum (p. 847-853) • Look over pages 853-866 after viewing this presentation for additional examples of various functional groups. • Emphasis is on data interpretation, not on data memorization. ORGANIC STRUCTURE DETERMINATION How do we know: • how atoms are connected together? • Which bonds are single, double, or triple? • What functional groups exist in the molecule? • If we have a specific stereoisomer? The field of organic structure determination attempts to answer these questions. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF STRUCTURE DETERMINATION 1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) – Excitation of the nucleus of atoms through radiofrequency irradiation. Provides extensive information about molecular structure and atom connectivity. 2. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) – Triggering molecular vibrations through irradiation with infrared light. Provides mostly information about the presence or absence of certain functional groups. 3. Mass spectrometry – Bombardment of the sample with electrons and detection of resulting molecular fragments. Provides information about molecular mass and atom connectivity. 4. Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) – Promotion of electrons to higher energy levels through irradiation of the molecule with ultraviolet light. Provides mostly information about the presence of conjugated π systems and the presence of double and triple bonds. SPECTROSCOPY - Study of spectral information Physical Molecule response Detecting