基本句型转换和扩大.ppt

基本句型的转换与扩大;基本句型的转换与扩大;当代有些语法书在上述五种基本句型之外，再加两种，即“主——动——状”结构和“主——动——宾——状”结构。这样就成了七种句型。七种句型的划分是有其独到之处的，因为状语在由某些动词构成的句子中是不可缺少的成分。但是，我们认为，这样的句毕竟是有限的，大量出现的还是前面五种。因此，我们还是采用五种基本句型。 ; 基本句型; She is in good health. The plan sounds perfect. That project seems impossible. This material feels soft. You do look well. Its getting dark. My aim was to help her. This is what I want.;由上述诸例可以看出，构成SVC句型的谓语动词都是连系动词。连系动词带有的主语补语可以是名词词组、形容词组、介词词组、非限定动词词组或名词性分句等。 ;B 基本句型（二）：“主——动”结构，字母代号为SV Iron rusts. The telephone rang. The plane is taking off . The shop has colsed. His father might have died. They have been singing for half an hour. You ought to have got up earlier. 由上述诸例可以看出，构成SV句型的谓语动词一般是不及物动词。在这种句型中，状语并非结构上不可或缺的成分。;但是，在某种情况下，状语成分必不可少。例如： He lives in Shanghai. Shakespeare lived in the 16th century. The Hunters are staying in the Peace Hotel. The train leaves at eight. They will be flying to London. 在上述诸例中如果省略 in Shanghai等状语成分，便不能表达完整思想，因此有些语法书把这类句子连同上述The gramophone is on the table 一起划入SVA句型。 ;C 基本句型（三）：“主——动——宾”结构，字母代号为SVO（O=DIRECT OBJECT） He opened the door. This factory makes machine tools. Mary has ordered a new dress. You may have seen each other. She has been looking for her lost watch. He will be doing his best. 由上述诸例可以看出，构成SVO句型的谓语动词一般都是及物动词。这类动词后面只跟一个宾语，因此又叫单宾语及物动词（MONOTRANSITIVE VERB）。SVO句型一般不需要状语成分即可表达完整思想。??在某些情况下，状语成分必不可少。例如： ;;D 基本句型（四）：“主——动——宾——宾”结构，字母代号为SVoO（o=INDIRECT OBJECT）。例如： He gave me a book. I sent him a telegram. She told me a story. I bought him a novel. Mr Blake lent me his car. 由上述诸例可以看出，构成SVoO句型的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词（DITRANSITIVE VERB），即能跟有间接宾语和直接宾语的及物动词。 ;E 基本句型（五）“主——动——宾——补”结构，字母代号为SVOC We have proved him wrong. They made Smith their spokesman. They have elected him president. We kept him off cigarettes. 由上述诸例可以看出，构成SVOC句型的谓语动词只限于