第三 病毒和亚病毒 108.pptVIP

A virus particle has thus been defined as a structure which has evolved to transfer nucleic acid from one cell to another. The nucleic acid found in the particle is either DNA or RNA, is single- or double-stranded and linear or segmented. In some cases the nucleic acid may be circular. More complicated viruses have their nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat which is further engulfed in a membrane structure, an envelope consisting of virally coded glycoproteins derived from one of several regions within the infected cell during the maturation of the virus particle. The genetic material of these complex viruses encodes for many dozens of virus specific proteins. Summarizemethods of studying Negative-staining technique Electron microscopy Immunoelectron microscopy Electron cryomicroscopy X-ray diffraction Poliovirus is much simpler in its replicative procedures and control, indeed it lacks fine control! The poliovirus genome RNA strand also acts as mRNA (termed a positive-sense RNA virus) and is immediately translated into one long polyprotein which is subsequently cleaved into a number of structural and non-structural poliovirus proteins. Included are the structural proteins VP1 and VPS and the precursor protein VPO. Non-structural proteins include a protease and RNA. polymerase. Replication takes place in Fig. Poliovirus replication. (iii) HIV is a member of the unique family of viruses (Retroviridae) that carry a reverse transcriptase enzyme in their particles, the enzyme catalyzing the formation of DNA from a RNA template. Thus, HIV goes through a series of events (see fig. 5), which terminates in the formation of a ds DNA circularized molecule, formed from an initial input of HIV ss RNA. Transcription and translation---HIV This molecule, under the direction of a virally encoded integrase, is inserted into the host DNA as a provirus(原病毒). DNA synthesis is now under the control of the cell - when a d