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星电子网 http :// 福星电子网 全国电子设计大赛 声音导引系统 方案设计报告 2011.8.1 星电子网 http :// 目录 摘要·····························································3 Abstract ························································3 一、 系统方案···················································4 1、整体方案的论证与比较·······································4 2、系统控制方案···············································4 二、 设计与论证·················································5 1、误差信号理论分析···········································5 2、理论分析···················································5 三、 单元电路的设计············································6 1、系统组成···················································6 2、声音发射模块的设计·········································6 3、声音接收模块的设计·········································7 4、无线收发模块的设计·········································9 5、电机驱动电路的设计·········································9 6、液晶显示模块的设计·········································10 四、 系统测试··················································11 1、使用的仪器和设备··········································11 2、测试的方法和步骤··········································11 参考文献························································12 附录(原件清单、电路图、程序) ·····································13 第2 页 共 21 页 2 星电子网 http :// 摘要 本文采用基于 STC89C52 单片机的声音引导系统，由单片机产生周期性音频 脉冲信号，通过LM386N 功率放大器进行放大后驱动喇叭；声源接收模块采用驻 极体话筒作为声电转换元件，将声音信号转化成电信号。通过单片机来判断声源 的位置，由PT226 编码芯片以及PT2272 解码芯片组成的集成电路实现信号的无 线传输，以实现控制小车的运动。 由单片机来控制全桥驱动芯片L298N 驱动直流减速电机的转速和转向。 键字：声音引导、功率放大器、声电转换