编码技术调制方式.ppt

Data and Computer Communications Chapter 5 Data Encoding Encoding Techniques Digital data, digital signal Analog data, digital signal Digital data, analog signal Analog data, analog signal 编码 信源编码： 用于高效的表达信息，如 字符编码 A/D（模数转换) 信道编码： 用于确保正确收信，如 同步码 校验序列（检纠错编码) Digital Data, Digital Signal Digital signal Discrete, discontinuous voltage pulses Each pulse is a signal element Binary data encoded into signal elements Terms (1) Unipolar All signal elements have same sign Polar One logic state represented by positive voltage the other by negative voltage Data rate Rate of data transmission in bits per second Duration or length of a bit Time taken for transmitter to emit the bit Terms (2) Modulation rate Rate at which the signal level changes Measured in baud = signal elements per second Mark and Space Binary 1 and Binary 0 respectively Terms 数字信号是离散、不连续的电压脉冲序列,每个脉冲是一信号元素。 unipolar单极: 所有信号元素具有相同的代数符号,即都为正或都为负 polar极化: 一个逻辑状态以正电平表示,另一逻辑状态以负电平表示 data signaling rate数据速率:每秒传送的bit数 duration持续Td: 发送每一bit所用的时间,对数据速率R, Td =1/R modulation rate调制速率: 信号电平变换的速率,依赖于数字编码特性,表示为波特率 bauds波特率: 每秒传送的信号元素个数 mark space: 分别表示1和0 信噪比 (Eb/N0)、数据速率、带宽是影响接收器正确地解释接收信号的重要因素。当其它因素不变的情况下,以下的陈述为真: 增加数据传输速率将导致位差错率(概率)的增加 S/N (Eb/N0)增加将减少位差错率 增加带宽将允许使用更高的数据速率 编码方式是另一改善传输性能的因素。编码方式仅简单地将数据位映射到信号元素上。 Interpreting Signals Need to know Timing of bits - when they start and end Signal levels Factors affecting successful interpreting of signals Signal to noise ratio Data rate Bandwidth Comparison of Encoding Schemes (1) Signal Spectrum Lack of high frequencies reduces required bandwidth Lack of dc component allows ac coupling via transformer, providing isolation Concentrate power in the middle of the bandwidth Clocking Synchronizing transmitter and receiver External clock Sync mechanism based on signal Comparison of Encoding Schemes (2) Error detection Can be built in to signal encoding Signal interference and noise immunity Some codes are better than others Cost and complexity Higher signal rate ( thus data r