肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染危险因素预防及护理.docVIP

肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染危险因素预防及护理[摘要] 目的 探讨肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染危险因素及预防方法。 方法 随机抽取2008年3月~2011年8月在我院肿瘤科就诊的263例行中心静脉导管住院患者进行回顾性调查。 结果 本组病例中9例发生静脉炎。导管培养阳性18例，血培养阳性12例。可能影响肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染的因素有患者年龄、性别、药物性质、静脉高营养治疗、化疗周期、导管堵塞、留置时间等。 结论 规范各项相关的制度和操作程序，严格认真的护理可以最大限度地预防和减少中心静脉导管相关性感染。 [关键词 中心静脉导管感染；危险因素；预防；护理 [中图分类号] R473.73 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2012）03-0119-02 Prevention and nursing of infection risk factors related intravascular central catheter in tumor department LU Weina Department of Tumor, Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China [Abstract] Objective To investigate Prevention and nursing of intravascular central catheter related infections in Room of Oncology. Methods All of 263 patients of central venous catheter selected randomly who were investigated retrospectively from March in 2008 to August in 2011 in tumor department of our hospital. Results Nine cases of the patients were phlebitis. 18 catheter culture of cases were positive, 12 blood culture of cases were positive. Probably factors of affect the central venous catheter infection in tumor department patient age, sex, nature of the drug, intravenous nutrition therapy, chemotherapy cycle, catheter blockage, retention time. Conclusion It is necessary that standard the relevant systems and operating procedures and scrupulous nursing can maximize the prevention and reduction of central venous catheter-related infections. [Key words] Central venous catheter infection; Risk factors; Prevention;Nursing 本文主要以肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染患者为研究对象，通过对263例患者采用针对性护理与观察，为进一步做好肿瘤科中心静脉导管感染危险因素的预防和护理提供科学依据，现报道如下。 1 对象与方法 1.1研究对象 采用随机抽样方法，随机抽取2008年3月～2011年8月在我院肿瘤科就诊的263例行中心静脉导管住院患者,年龄 20～73岁，平均（49±17.83）岁。其中男 147例，平均（49.55±18.63）岁。女116例，平均（47.99±17.06）岁。急性胰腺炎63例，肺癌54例，脑梗死61例，胃癌65例，肠瘘10例，其他10例。 1.2 方法 1.2.1 问卷调查 调查内容包括基本情况、病史情况、实验室检查、生活饮食情况等。 1.2.2相关感染诊断标准[1] 临床感染迹象，如发热(体温＞38．5℃)、寒颤和(或)低血压，血培养至少可获得1个阳性结果；导管端经半定量培养≥15个菌落／导管段，或定量培养≥103个菌落／导管段，且和外周静脉血中分离出相同种类和抗菌谱的病原菌。无其他明确的感染源。1.2