ch7(第七章讲义).ppt

Computer Networks - 07 COMPUTER NETWORKSChapter 07The Application Layer Chapter 7 The Application Layer Domain Name Server Electronic Mail World Wide Web Multimedia 7.1 DNS--Domain Name System Motivations We are sending email to syang@ rather than to syang@ In the ARPANET, hosts.txt lists all the hosts and their IP addresses. DNS: a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme and a distributed database system, for mapping host names and e-mail destinations to IP addresses. DNS—Domain Name System DNS is the invention of a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme and a distributed database system for implementing the scheme. Basic idea: Every host has a worldwide unique name that is bound to an IP address. DNS provides namelookup facilities: when given a hostname, it returns that host’s IP address. How DNS works An application program calls a library procedure, the resolver, passing it the name as a parameter. The resolver sends a UDP packet to a local DNS server, which then looks up the name and returns the IP address to the resolver, which then returns it to the caller. A portion of the Internet domain name space A domain name is a path from a leaf node up to the root. A domain is a sub-tree in the domain name space. Each domain can have a set of resource records which are stored (in a file) at name servers. There are different types of records, including one for storing the binding between a name and an IP address. 7.1.2 Resource Records Every domain has a set of resource records associated with it. The most common resource records is just its IP address. The primary function of DNS is to map domain names onto resource records. A resource record is a five-tuple: Domain_name Time_to_live Class Type Value @?????? IN????? SOA???? . . (674 10800 1800 3600000 86400 )??? IN????? NS????? .?????IN????? NS????? .?????IN????? MX????? 10 .?????IN????? MX????? 20 .?????IN????? MX????? 30 .; 重要服务器ns????????????? IN????? A?????? email ?????????? IN????? A?????