操作系统概念：第七的章 进程同步.pptVIP

操作系统概念 第七章：进程同步 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 本章主要内容 背景 临界区域问题 同步硬件 信号量 经典同步问题 管程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 7.1 背景 共享数据的并发访问可能导致数据的不一致 维护数据的一致性需要能够保证协作进程顺序执行的机制 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 竞争条件（Race Condition） 生产者 while(1) { while (counter == BUFFER_SIZE) ; // do nothing //produce an item and put in nextProduced buffer[in] = nextProduced; in = (in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; counter ++; } Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 竞争条件 消费者 while (1) { while (counter == 0) ; // do nothing nextConsumed = buffer[out]; out = (out + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; counter --; } Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 竞争条件 counter++可按如下方式以机器语言实现 register1 = counter register1 = register1 + 1 counter = register1 counter - - 可按如下方式实现 register2 = counter register2 = register2 – 1 counter = register2 考虑以下交叉执行顺序 S0: 生产者执行 register1 = counter {register1 = 5} S1: 生产者执行 register1 = register1 + 1 {register1 = 6} S2: 消费者执行 register2 = counter {register2 = 5} S3: 消费者执行 register2 = register2 – 1 {register2 = 4} S4: 生产者执行 counter = register1 {counter = 6} S5: 消费者执行 counter = register2 {counter = 4} Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 多个进程并发访问和操作同一数据且执行结果与访问发生的特定顺序有关，称为竞争条件（race condition） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 7.2 临界区问题的解决 代码块： 进入区（entry section） 临界区（critical section） 退出区（exit section） 剩余区（remainder section） 互斥（Mutual Exclusion）：如果进程Pi在其临界区执行，那么其他进程都不能在其临界区内执行。 有空让进（Progress）：如果没有进程在其临界区内执行且有进程希望进入临