1 Corrosion and Corrosion Protection WileyVCH（1 WileyVCH腐蚀和腐蚀保护）.pdf

1 1 Corrosion and Corrosion Protection Peter Maa ß 1.1 Corrosion 1.1.1 Causes of Corrosion All materials or products, plants, constructions, and buildings made of such mate- rials are subject to physical wear during use. A general overview of different kinds of wear caused by mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrochemical, microbiological, electric, and radiation - related impacts is shown in Figure 1.1 . The technical and economic mastering of physical wear is diffi cult, since several causes are intertwined and mutually infl uence each other. The interaction with certain media of the environment results in undesired reactions of the materials that trigger corrosion, weathering, decaying, embrittlement, and fouling. While mechanical reactions lead to wear, chemical and electrochemical reac- tions cause corrosion. Such processes emanate from the materials’ surfaces and lead to modifi cations of the material properties or to their destruction. According to DIN EN ISO 8044, corrosion is defi ned as: “ Physical interaction between a metal and its environment which results in changes of the metal ’ s properties and which may lead to signifi cant functional impairment of the metal, the environment or the technical system of which they form a part. ” Note: This interaction is often of an electrochemical nature. From this defi nition, included in the standard, further terms are derived: • Corrosion system: A system consisting of one or several metals and such parts of the environment that affect corrosion. • Corrosion phenomenon: Modifi cation in any part of the corrosion system caused by corrosion. Handbook of Hot-dip Galvanization. Edited by Peter Maaß and Peter Peißker Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH