9. COMBINED STRESSES Plymouth University（9。）.PDF

9. COMBINED STRESSES We have studied a number of separate situations (tension, compression, torsion, bending, pressure in cylinders and spheres), but what if two or more of these situations occurred together? e.g torsion and bending? e.g torsion and pressure? In order to find the combined effect we have to look at an element of material at particular locations, where both effects determine the stresses. We calculate the stresses as though they occurred separately, and then combine them to find the overall effect ex- pressed as principal stresses. 115 - Combined Stresses 1 y One principal sx sx stress sx No shear stress x e.g pure tension or compression sy One principal stress sy No shear stress sy sy Two principal sx sx stresses sx & sy No shear stress sy e.g stresses in cylinder or sphere t Element in pure shear: t Principal stresses are at 45°, t one compressive the other tensile. t e.g pure torsion 115 - Combined Stresses 2 sy t sx t sx t t sy At what angle