Choked Flow of Gases Rebreather（阻流气体,氧气呼吸器）.pdf

Choked Flow of Gases 38 TUTORIAL The Basic Concept When the air velocity reaches sonic velocity The reason for the mass flow rate limitation is A greatly misunderstood and misapplied (P /P ≤ .528) further increases in P (upstream the fixed inlet density combined with the fixed 2 1 1 notion is that of “choked flow”, also referred pressure) do not cause any further increase in velocity. The flow charts on pages 16-18 show to as “critical flow”. the air velocity through the orifice. Conse- the choked mass flow effect for vacuum con- quently it is wrongly concluded that the mass ditions. At vacuum levels between 15-30” Hg In gas flow through an orifice there is an occa- flow rate also does not increase. the mass flow rate is fixed. sion where the gas velocity reaches sonic conditions. This occurs for air flow when the As the air pressure (P1) increases, the density Choked Flow for Positive absolute pressure ratio is .528, i.e. when the of the air also increases; and since the mass downstream absolute pressure (P2) is 52.8% flow rate is also a function of density, the mass Pressure Conditions of the upstream absolute pressure (P ). flow rate increases linearly with pressure (P ). As in the case of the above vacuum conditions 1 1