英语语意1.ppt

Semantics Main Contents Semantics Ogden and Richards’ The Meaning of Meaning Leech’s seven types of Meaning The Referential Theory vs. The Conceptual Theory Sense relations Componential Analysis Sentence Meaning the study of meaning, especially the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. What is meaning? Ogden and Richards (1923): 奥格登和理查兹《意义的意义》 The Meaning of Meaning P-186: They summarized 16 major categories and 22 subcategories of definitions: Examples of “Meaning” What is the meaning of the word “desk”? Whom do you mean?/I do not mean that one, I mean this one? I didn’t quite catch your meaning, could you explain it again? 3. The meaning of meaning C. K. Ogden I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning. John means to write. A green light means to go. Health means everything. His look was full of meaning. What is the meaning of life? What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you? What do you mean by saying that? What does “Konbanwa” / “Merci” mean in English? What is the meaning of this sentence in such a situation? e.g. —xxx同学学习怎么样？ —为人不错。 “意思”、“意义” “节约”就是不浪费的意思。 这句话是什么意思？ 大家的意思是一起团聚团聚。 这件礼物不过是我们大家的一点小意思，请你收下！（a token of regard) 这个话题有点意思。 Some views concerning the study of meaning The naming theory The naming theory（命名说）, also called the referential theory（指称论） the meaning of the words is what they stand for in the real physical world. 代表人物：Plato Some problems with the naming theory 1. The theory seems applicable to nouns only. 2. There are nouns which denote things that do not exist in the real world at all. 3. There are nouns that do not refer to physical objects, but abstract notions. 4. Some words may have different meanings in different contexts. 5. The same reference may have different names. (the morning star Vs the evening star) The conceptualist view 1. Definition The conceptualist view（概念论） According to this view, there is no direct link between a l