的状态方程） 2 Specific Heat of Ideal Gas （ .pptVIP

第二章 理想气体的性质Chapter 2. Properties of Ideal Gas  工程热力学的两大类工质 实际气体的特点 Characteristics of real gases includes: 由大量分子组成(consists of large quantities of molecular) 分子做无规则运动(molecules take random movement continuously) 分子间有作用力(interaction force among molecules ) 分子本身有体积(the volume of molecules) 以上特点决定了实际气体的性质很复杂。 §3.1 理想气体的状态方程 （Equation of State for Ideal Gas） 1. 两点假设 (Assumptions) 忽略分子的容积 (The volume of the gas molecule is negligible.)。 忽略分子之间的作用力 (The interaction forces between molecules are negligible) 理想气体模型 Model of ideal-gas 哪些气体可当作理想气体 2.理想气体状态方程式 Equation of state for ideal gas (1). For 1 1kg working gas, Pv=RT P:绝对压力(absolute pressure )，Pa。 v:比容 (specific volume ), m3/kg。 T：热力学温度(Kelvin Temperature ),K。 R：气体常数(Gas constant) 与气体的种类有关。 (2) For m kg working gas, mPv=mRT or PV=mRT 摩尔质量(molar mass): the mass of 1mol substance (1mol 物质的质量)，M 摩尔体积(molar volume): the volume of 1mol substance (1mol物质占有的体积)，Vm。 阿伏假德罗定律(Avogadro’s hypothesis): 在同温同压下，各种气体的摩尔体积都相等。 Vm=Mrv/1000， Mr：分子量。 MrPv= MrRT PVm= RmT Rm与R的区别 (4) For n Mole working gas For n mol gas, PV=nRmT 计算时注意事项实例 Attentions: The volume of the room is V= 4m× 5m× 6m =120 m3 The mass of air in a room is determined from the ideal gas relation to be Example. Determine the mass of air in a room whose dimensions are 4m× 5m× 6m at 100kPa and 25℃ Solution The mass of air in a room is to be determined. Analysis Air at specified conditions can be treated as an ideal gas. From table, the gas constant of air is R=0.287 kJ/kg.K and the absolute temperature is T=25+273.15=298.15 K. §3.2 比热和热容 Specific Heats and Heat Capacity 1.比热容（比热）的定义 Definition of Specific heat?? 将单位物量的物质温度升高1K所需加入的热量。 The energy required to raise the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by one degree 2.基于不同物量单位的三种比