主题是一致的.docVIP

语法专项（十四）主谓一致 一．主谓一致的概念：“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数、指代等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则，即“语法一致”、“意义一致”、“就近一致”。 （一）、语法一致原则：主语在语法形式上是复数，谓语也用复数形式；主语语法形式上是单数，谓语要用单数形式。 （二）、意义一致原则：有时主语在语法形式上虽然是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were running for their lives. 有时主语在语法形式上虽然是复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如： Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the registers(现金出纳机). （三）、就近一致原则：有时谓语动词的取决于和它靠近的词语（主要是名词）的单、复数。如There is the headmaster, two teachers and some students in the classroom. 二．主谓一致的用法： （一）常接单数谓语的情况： 1．时间，距离，重量，价值，数目等度量名词作整体看待时，谓语用单数。 ---Three minutes is enough for me to answer the question. ---Twenty pounds is much heavier than twenty jin. 注：两数相乘或相加时谓语可单可复。 ---Six times seven is/are forty-two. 2．由单个名词性从句，不定式，短语，动名词充当主语时，谓语用单数。 ---When and where we will hold the meeting has not been decided. ---Reading novels is what I enjoy most. ---A good knowledge of English is a must in international trade. 3．由以s结尾的学科名词或书，报，国名，地名，组织等作主语时，谓语用单数。 ---Maths/Physics/Politics is my favorite. ---The United Nations is a world organization. 4．由不定代词each, one, the other, no one, either, neither, some/any/no/every + body/one/thing在句中作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数。 ---Each boy gets a prize. ---Nobody works harder than John does. ---If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work. 注：each作主语或修饰主语时谓语用单数，但作同位语时谓语由主语决定： ---We each ________ an English-Chinese dictionary. ---Each of us _________ an English-Chinese dictionary. 5．由many a/more than one/one of/one in(out of)修饰名词时，谓语用单数。 ---Only one in ten students has passed the exam. ---More than one student was absent. ---Many a child was playing there. 注：more+复数名词+than one作主语时谓语用复数。 ---More students than one were absent. 6．由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every, each, no, many a 修饰时，谓语用单数。 ---No boy and no girl likes it. ---Every hour and (every) minute is important. ---Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much. 7．由and连接的两个词指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念且共用一个冠词时，谓语用单数。 ---The teacher and writer is her friend. 8．由and连接的两个名词表示组合在一起的一个整体或成套的东西作主语时，谓语用单数。常见