语法系列评论八题.docVIP

语法系列复习专题八－非谓语动词 ——讲与练 非谓语动词 非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。一、?动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done??????????????完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done??????????????进行式to be doing 不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或?? 没有时间限制。例如：?? They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）?? She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）?? It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）?? The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）m sorry to have kept you waiting. 2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I /She seems to have been a teacher for many years. 3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如：?? She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.注:不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，?? 例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long. 不定式的否定式 not to do 2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如：??? 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.??? 2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.??? 3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall????????????? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 4）?宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.????I didn’t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 5）?不定式作定语：作后置定语,位于被修饰词后 如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday? He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 不定式作定语,与被其修饰的词可构成逻辑上的以下关系: a.动宾关系 e.g. I have a lot of work to do. b.主谓关系 e.g. He is always the first to help me. c.其它关系(多为固定搭配) e.g. tell me a way to solve the problem. 6）状语：???????????????????????????????? 　 in order to A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day? so as to?? improve her English.????????????????????????????????????????????? 　to 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。B．原因状语： 主要是“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构,但这种结构的不定式有时也可视为宾语 如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.???