2 关联理论与认知语境.doc

徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 年至 年 第 学期 第 周 星期 课题名称（含教材章节）： Pragmatics 教学目的和要求： 了解语用学的定义、分类和研究对象；了解语用研究中的一些重要概念，如语境、句义、话语义等，掌握语用学中的一些重要理论，如言语行为理论、合作原则等。Speech act theory, Conversational implicature, and Relevance theory 教 学 内 容 （ 要 点 ） I. Introduction II. Speech act theory III. Theory of Illocutionary act IV. Conversational implicature V. Relevance theory 徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 纸 I. Introduction “You are a fool.” “You are such a genius.” “What do you mean?” SPEAKER’S MEANING, UTTERANCE MEANING, CONTEXTUAL MEANING Depends more on the context Pragmatics: The study of language in use Pragmatics is usually concerned with the meanings that sentences have in particular contexts in which they are used. E.g. There is a car coming is seen as, out of context, a statement that a car is coming. But in a particular context it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road, an expression of hope that people invited to a dinner are at last arriving, and so on. Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers use the sentences of a language to effect successful communication. Hence, in particular, pragmatics is seen as the study of implicatures as opposed to ‘literal meanings’ or truth conditions of sentences. Invented by C. W. Morris in the 1930s, for a branch of semiotics opposed to ‘syntax’, seen as concerned with relations among signs, and ‘semantics’, seen as concerned with relations between signs and their denotata. The field of pragmatics was in turn the relations between signs and their interpretants. II. Speech act theory The first major theory in the study of language in use. Originated with the Oxford philosopher John Langshaw Austin. How to Do Things with Words (1962)《怎样用词做事》 1. Performatives and constatives 施为句和表述句 Two types of sentences: performatives and cons