补缩准则.PPTVIP

* 8.4.2 Growth of shrinkage pores For internal pores that are nucleated within a stressed liquid, the initial growth is extremely fast; Then the subsequent growth of the pore is controlled by the solidification or the rate of heat extraction by the mould. 在有张应力的液相中，空洞形核后的初始生长速度非常快；随后生长受凝固或铸型的传热速率控制。 Gas and shrinkage can cooperate to exceed the critical pressure for nucleation. 气体和收缩可联合作用，从而超过临界应力，形成缩气孔。 * The formation of shrinkage pore Ⅰ Macropore Growth of a shrinkage pore - Macropore * * The formation of shrinkage pore Ⅱ Microporosity or Dispersed porosity Growth of a shrinkage pore- Microporosity * 8.5 Final forms of shrinkage porosity During liquid feeding, the gradual progress of the solidification front towards the centre of the casting is accompanied by the steady fall in liquid level in the feeder. 在液相补缩过程中，随凝固界面向铸件中心推进，冒口内的金属液面稳定下降。 These linked advances by the solid and liquid fronts generate a smooth conical funnel as shown in figure below. This is a shrinkage pipe. 这样就在冒口中形成一个光滑的圆锥状漏斗形的空洞，即缩管。 Figure 7.21 Stages in the development of a primary shrinkage pipe. Stage (4) is the appearence of stage (3) on a planar cut section if the central pipe is not exactly straight (i.e. it is not a serious of seperate pores) In the case of the single isolated area of macroporosity, it is important to not that its final location will not be in the thermal centre of the isolated region. 当在独立的液相区域内形成缩孔时，应注意缩孔的位置并不在热节的位置上。 The gravity also has an effect on the final form and distribution of porosity. 重力对缩孔的最终形状和分布也有影响。 缩孔的所有形貌受以下2个因素的影响 : （1）铸件的几何形状 （2）重力 Figure 7.22 Stages in the development of an internal shrinkage cavity. Stages (4) is again the equivalent cut section to stage (3). Note that the porosity is not concentrated in the thermal centre, but is offset from the centre of the trapped liquid region, outlined by the broken line, by gravity. Figure 7.22 Shrinkage cavity in a short-freezing-range alloy as a function of orienta