Book4_U1_Grammarandusage概要.ppt

Grammar and Usage ;Movie lines;一.Definition(定义） 直接引语 （Direct speech）:直接用引号引述别人的原话。 间接引语 （Reported speech / Indirect speech）: 用自己的话转述别人的话（相当于宾语从句）; 直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化 遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” 1.“一随主”是指直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟主句中主语保持一致， She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go with her. 2.“二随宾”是指如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，间接引语时，从句中的人称与主句的宾语保持一致。 He said to Kate，How is your sister now? → He asked Kate how her sister was then. 3.“第三人称不更新”--直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. She said,Mary likes Jim.→ She said Mary liked Jim.;;; Complete the letter at Page 9; The rules of Statements,Questions and Imperative sentences. 陈述句、疑问句和祈使句三大句型变化规则 ;1.陈述句变为以that（可省略）引导的宾语从句， 如主句中有say to sb,通常变为tell sb. 2. 一般疑问句(用Yes和No可以直接进行回答）变为以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句（后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。 3. 特殊疑问句变为以who, what , when 等疑问词引导的宾语从句； 4.(1)直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成(not)to do sth,并在动词不定式前根据句子的语气来选择加tell, ask, order，advise,encourage,invite,recommend, warn等宾语。;4.(2)直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或带虚拟语气的宾语从句：should+动原）。”如： He said, “ Let’s go to the film.” → He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they (should) go to see the film. ;Notice:;2. 直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，变间接引语，时态不变。 The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.” The geography teacher told us (that) the earth goes around the sun.;3.??接引语是过去进行时和过去完成时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” → Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。;5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：must,ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better(Youd better) come here today。 → Peter said(that)I had better go there that day。;Practice: Change the following sentences  into reported speech.;Practice: Change the following sentences