Unit 2(Computer Architecture)课件.ppt

Unit 2 Computer Architecture 第2单元 计算机体系结构;Main Points;嫡娜镍卢乐慌渔兽虑理抗俩蚁采建障痢牧措义瞪域湛吭来阔药掺瓷疲遥狭Unit 2(Computer Architecture)课件Unit 2(Computer Architecture)课件;Text;The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage. Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, 这些元件的功能一般可分为3个主要类别：输入、输出和存储。这些类别的元件与微处理器相连接，;specifically, the computer’s central processing unit (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called a bus. 特别是与计算机的中央处理器相连接，而后者是通过被称之为线路或电路的总线来提供计算能力和对计算机进行控制的电子电路。;Software, on the other hand, is the set of instructions a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game. 另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理(操作)数据的一组指令，如文字处理程序或者视频游戏。;These programs are usually stored and transferred via the computer’s hardware to and from the CPU. 这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。;Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device. 软件也控制着硬件如何使用；例如，如何从存储设备中检索信息。;The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) software. 输入与输出硬件的交互作用是由基本输入输出系统（BIOS）软件控制的。; Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. 尽管微处理器在技术上仍被看作是硬件，其部分功能也与计算机软件有关系。;Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware. 既然微处理器同时具有硬件与软件方面的特征，它们因此经常被称作固件。 be refered to as 被称作，被认为是;II. Input Hardware Input hardware consists of external devices — that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU — that provide information and instructions to the computer. 二、输入硬件 输入硬件由给计算机提供信息和指令的外部设备 —— 亦即计算机中央处理器以外的元件 —— 组成。;A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computer’s video screen or to select information on