古汉语“等”的词性演变.pdf

第 34 卷第 3 期 唐山师范学院学报 2012 年 5 月 Vol.34 No.3 Journal of Tangshan Teachers College May 2012 古汉语“等”的词性演变 张 瑜 （西南大学 文学院，重庆 400715 ） 摘 要：“等”在现代汉语中最常见的用法是表示列举，是一个助词，它是古汉语中的动词“等”经过引 申发展并进一步虚化而来。“等”的本义是“比照标准样子做出同样的东西”，在此基础上引申发展出副词和名 词的用法。助词“等”是由名词“等”虚化而来的，其虚化的句法条件是用在代词、名词后表示“一类人、一 类事物”或用于列举，仅表其多，由于高频出现，“等”的名词词汇义逐渐磨损，语义力量逐渐减弱，变成只 表“列举”的列举助词。 关键词：“等”；本义；词性演变 H109.2 A 1009-9115(2012)03-0052-04 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： Evolution of Deng in Ancient Chinese ZHANG Yu (Department of Chinese, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China) Abstract: Enumeration is the most common usage of Deng in modern Chinese. It is an auxiliary word. But in ancient Chinese Deng was at first used as a verb to mean making the same kind of thing according to the standard model. On the basis of this usage, Deng later began to be used as adverb or noun. Deng as an auxiliary comes from its usage as a noun, meaning a class of people or things, used behind pronouns and nouns. Sometimes it is used for enumerating only. Deng has already become an auxiliary word because its lexical meaning has weakened due to its frequent usage. Key Words: Deng ; original meaning; evolution of parts of speech “等”在现代汉语中使用频率很高，最常见的用法是 的记载。“等”字从“竹”，简牍和帛书在我国纸张发明和 附于单个或多个词、短语甚至小句后面表示列举。从语义 广泛应用以前，尤其在殷商至汉魏时期，是很平常但却发 上看，有列举未尽，也有列举已尽，列举数目可以同现也