2010-04-08 @ 苏州博物馆Johnmetry (part 1) - WordPresscom.PPT

Facts on inversion I(A,r2) Circle (not via A) ? Circle (not via A) 2. Circle (via A) ? Line (not via A) Line (via A) is sent to itself Conformal（保角的） 5. P1’P2’=(r2/AP1AP2)P1P2 Angle between curves Angle between curves Angle between curves e.g. 1 Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus)托勒密 90~168 Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer AC?BD = AD?BC + AB?CD e.g. 2Apollonius 阿波羅尼斯 「作一個圓與三個已知圓相切。」 260~170 B.C. One of the three great ancient Greek mathematicians “Theories of conics” 摘自《圓之吻：阿波羅尼斯問題的歷史》汪曉勒　張小明　數學傳播 30卷2期 e.g. 3 帕伯斯(Pappus)的古定理 hn = 2nrn http://www.dynamath.tw/Inversion/PappusAncientTheorem.htm SBA : dividing obtuse triangle Q.1：Divide the triangle above into 5 smaller triangles with equal areas by construction using straight edges and compass only（規尺作圖）. Note: The following is a trivial solution. Try to figure out another not-so-trivial one. SBA : dividing obtuse triangle Q.2：Could you divide the above triangle into some triangles such that ALL the triangles formed are ACUTE? If not, why? If you can do it, then what is the minimum number of triangles formed? And how to construct? Note: The following is not a solution. 參考書目 1.《幾何學概論》趙文敏教授 2.《數學雜談》張景中院士 3.《幾何明珠》黃家禮 4.《趣味幾何》蔣聲　陳瑞森 5.《數學大觀園》夏明德 6.《世界數學名題欣賞：歐几里德第五公設》蔣聲 7.《托勒密幾何定理的運用》張澄清 8.《蘇聯青年數學科普叢書：反演》王敬庚譯 9.《世界數學名題選》陳乃超　袁小明 10. My Best Mathematical and Logic Puzzles (Martin Gardner) 參考網上文章 1. 梁子傑老師網上文集 2. 《幾何學發展史簡介》吳志揚　陳文豪 3. 《古希臘幾何三大問題》 　康明昌 4. 《從歐幾里得到微分幾何 什麼是幾何學》 　陳省身 5. 《無聊與多餘之後》 　曹亮吉 6. Trisection of an Angle, Jim Loy 7. 其他：維基，mathworld … 從略 * 第一卷有 23 個定義、5 條公設、5 條公理和 48 條命題 Johannes Kepler 約翰內斯·開普勒 1571~1630 Keplers Laws 1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at a focus. 2. A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. /docs/features/movies/kepler.html How many faces? http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/solid/cube.htm#cubenet