化工原理试验讲义.PDFVIP

化工原理实验讲义 应用化学与化工教研室编 二 00 七年九月 目 录 绪论 化工原理实验的教学目的与要求······································································ (1) 实验一 流体流动阻力的测定··································································································· (4) 实验二 孔板流量计的校核······································································································· (10) 实验三 离心泵特性曲线的测定························································································· (15) 实验四 换热系数 K 的测定······································································································ (20) 实验五 传热系数 K 和给热系数 a 的测定·························································· (25) 实验六 （1）填料吸收塔的操作及其 Kya 的测定································· (31) （2 ）填料吸收塔的操作及其 Kya 的测定······························· (37) 实验七 流体床干燥器的操作及其干燥速率曲线的测定················ (44) 实验八 填料塔精馏实验··············································································································· (49) 附录一 法定计量单位及单位换算·················································································· (53) 附录二 化工原理实验中常用数据表·········································································· (54) 绪论 化工原理实验的教学目的与要求 化工原理 （单元操作）课是化工、环境、生物化工等系或专业的重要基础技术课。 它的历史悠久，已形成了完整的教学内容与教学体系。化工原理课中所涉及的理论和计 算方法是与实验研究紧密联系的。可以说，化工原理是建立在实验基础上的学科，化工 原理实验在这门课程中占有重要的地位。 长期以来化工原理实验常以验证课堂理论为主，教学安排上也仅作为化工原理课程 的一部分。近 20 年来，由于化工工程、石油化工、生物工程的飞速发展，要求研制新 材料，寻找新能源，开发高科技产品，对化工过程与设备的研究提出了更高的要求，新 型高效率低能耗的化工设备的研究也更为迫切。不少高等院校为了适应新形势的要求， 加强了学生实践环节的教育，以培养有创造性和独立工作能力的科技人材。许多教师提 出化工原理实验应单独设课，制定实验课的教学大纲，并确立化工原理实验课在培养学 生中的应有地位。 一、化工原理实验的教学目的 化工原理实验课是化工类专业教学计划中的一门必修课，其教学目的是： 1.巩固和深化理论知识 化工原理课程中所讲授的理论、概念或公式，学生对它们的理解往往是肤浅的， 对于各种影响因素的认识还不深刻，当学生做了化工原理实验后，对于基本原理的理解、 公式中各种参数的来源以及使用范围会有更深入的认识。例如离心泵的性能实验，安排 了不同转速下泵的性能测定。第一步让学生固定泵的转速，改变阀门开度，测得一组定 转速下的泵的性