专四级语法简介概要.docVIP

九大常考语法点： 1. 虚拟语气 2. 非谓语动词 3. 定语从句 4. 状语从句 5. 名词性从句（定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 6. 情态动词 7. 特殊句型 8. 时态 9. 一些特定功能词汇的用法（much, more, such, anything but, enough等 I．虚拟语气 虚拟语气概要：现代英语中有三种语气： 1.陈述语气（indicative mood） 2.祈使语气（imperative mood） 3.虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） A. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式 　1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。 在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式： 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 用 were） would（should，could，might） + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should（would，could, might）+ have + 过去分词 与将来事实可能相反 动词过去式（should+动词原形，were to + 动词原形） should（would，could，might）+ 动词原形 have the further study. 过去事实相反 If you had done your homework， you would not have been Criticized by your teacher。 将来事实相反 If he were to/should come back from America tomorrow, he would join our party. 2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将 were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面倒装处理。如果句中没有 were, had 或 should 时，既不能省略 if，也不能倒装。例如： Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。 3）时间错综条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如： 　 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，就采纳他的建议了。（从句指现在，主句指过去） 　 If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better. 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在） 含蓄虚拟条件句 1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。例如： 　　 Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 　　But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。 　　He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。 　　He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。 在表示建议、命令、等的’s command was that all the new employees have the physical check first. 经理要求所有新员工先进行体检。 （3）上述动