马尔代夫贸易政策审议秘书处报告概要-中文参考译文.DOC

SUMMARY概要 Since its previous Trade Policy Review in 2009, Maldives' economic growth has been sustained, although at an irregular and relatively slower pace. Its ability to attract tourism from new and emerging markets (e.g. China) has helped the recovery from the global economic crisis. After a peak of 8.7% in 2011, real GDP growth decelerated to 2.5% in 2012 largely due to the impact of weak economic conditions in Europe on the tourism sector, but increased demand in tourism and related sectors made it rebound progressively to 6.5% in 2014. Inflation dropped progressively to 2.4% in 2014 (from a peak of 11.3% in 2011) and remained subdued in 2015; the unemployment rate also declined slightly from 12.2% in 2009 to 11.6% in 2014 owing mainly to the recovery in the tourism sector. 自2009年进行上次贸易政策审议以来，尽管增长步伐不规律且相对较慢，马尔代夫的经济仍保持持续增长。马尔代夫吸引来自新兴市场（比如中国）旅游商机的能力帮助其从全球经济危机中复苏。在2011年达到最高8.7%之后，2012年的实际GDP增长降低至2.5%，这主要归因于欧洲经济疲软对旅游业的冲击，但旅游业和相关行业不断增长的需求使马尔代夫2014年的实际GDP增长率又逐步回升至6.5%。通货膨胀率逐步降低至2014年的2.4%（2011年最高为11.3%）并在2015年内趋于缓和；失业率也从2009年的12.2%缓慢降低至2014年的11.6%，这主要归功于旅游业的复苏。 During the review period, the trade and trade-related structural reforms included the introduction of the goods and services tax (GST) and the business profit tax (BPT), new investment incentives for activities in special economic zones (SEZs), legislative measures for the formalization of informal enterprises, and a new pension system. Monetary policy accommodated fiscal indiscipline at times but with the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Act in 2013, strict limits on monetary accommodation were imposed, and the financing of the fiscal deficit was halted; furthermore, the 2015 Budget contained a mix of revenue raising and expenditure restraint measures as well as a large increase in capital expenditures financed by bilateral official loans.本次审议期间内，贸易及贸易相关的体制改革包括推行商品劳务税（GST）和经营利得税（BPT）、为特别经济区（SEZ）内的活动提供新的投资激励、关于将非正规企业正规化的立法措施、以及新的养老制度。货币政策有时会导致财政涣散，但随着2013年财政责任法的颁布，货币宽松得到严格限制，赤字财政则被叫停；此外，2015年预算中包括多种开源节流措