dvt的预防措施（Preventive measures for DVT）.docVIP

dvt的预防措施（Preventive measures for DVT） Nursing measures for patients with deep vein thrombosis in high-risk patients First, the prevention of deep vein thrombosis 1. major surgical patients: three kinds and four kinds of operation patients. 2. high-risk patients: 41 years of age or older; the obesity; the pregnancy; the pelvic surgery or joint replacement surgery; the emergency caesarean section; the operation time more than 2 hours; and in more than 72 hours; the lower limb paralysis; 9 severe infection; the history of DVT/PE; Two, prevention and nursing measures of deep vein thrombosis 1, high-risk patients evaluation Strengthen the evaluation and do propaganda for high-risk groups. To understand the patients general condition and blood coagulation, and to correct the effects of anemia, hypertension, diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. Smoking cessation - nicotine in cigarette smoke stimulates vasoconstriction and affects venous return. 2. appropriate drinking water and liquid supplement, actively correct dehydration, and maintain water and electrolyte balance. 3. nursing interventions 1) raise the lower limb, early activities, and promote venous blood reflux. The patient after the operation, should raise the lower limb 20 degrees to 30 degrees higher than the proximal, distal lower extremity, avoid excessive flexion, knee bolster, effect of venous return. 2) encourage patients to get out of bed early and begin early lower limb training. Those who are unable to get out of bed should encourage and urge the patient to take the initiative to do foot flexion and stretching on the bed. Without active exercise, the lower leg, leg, soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle should be passively massaged by the nurse or family members, 10 times to 12 times per hour, to increase diaphragmatic movement and promote blood flow. 3) encourage and assist patients to breathe deeply, cough and expectoration. 4) keep the bowels unobstructed, so as to reduce the obstruction of the